Associations between socioeconomic status and environmental toxicant concentrations in adults in the USA: NHANES 2001-2010
dc.contributor.author | Tyrrell, J | |
dc.contributor.author | Melzer, D | |
dc.contributor.author | Henley, W | |
dc.contributor.author | Galloway, TS | |
dc.contributor.author | Osborne, NJ | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2019-06-26T14:44:36Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2013-07-23 | |
dc.description.abstract | Low level chronic exposure to toxicants is associated with a range of adverse health effects. Understanding the various factors that influence the chemical burden of an individual is of critical importance to public health strategies. We investigated the relationships between socioeconomic status (SES) and bio-monitored chemical concentration in five cross-sectional waves of the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).We utilised adjusted linear regression models to investigate the association between 179 toxicants and the poverty income ratio (PIR) for five NHANES waves. We then selected a subset of chemicals associated with PIR in 3 or more NHANES waves and investigated potential mediating factors using structural equation modelling.PIR was associated with 18 chemicals in 3 or more NHANES waves. Higher SES individuals had higher burdens of serum and urinary mercury, arsenic, caesium, thallium, perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorononanoic acid, mono(carboxyoctyl) phthalate and benzophenone-3. Inverse associations were noted between PIR and serum and urinary lead and cadmium, antimony, bisphenol A and three phthalates (mono-benzyl, mono-isobutyl, mono-n-butyl). Key mediators included fish and shellfish consumption for the PIR, mercury, arsenic, thallium and perfluorononanoic acid associations. Sunscreen use was an important mediator in the benzophenone-3/PIR relationship. The association between PIR and cadmium or lead was partially mediated by smoking, occupation and diet.These results provide a comprehensive analysis of exposure patterns as a function of socioeconomic status in US adults, providing important information to guide future public health remediation measures to decrease toxicant and disease burdens within society. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | University of Exeter | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | European Social Fund Convergence Programme for Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly | en_GB |
dc.description.sponsorship | European Regional Development Fund Programme 2007 to 2013 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.citation | Vol. 59, pp. 328 - 335 | en_GB |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1016/j.envint.2013.06.017 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10871/37689 | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_GB |
dc.publisher | Elsevier | en_GB |
dc.rights | © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-ND licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | en_GB |
dc.subject | Chemical toxicants | en_GB |
dc.subject | Socioeconomic status | en_GB |
dc.subject | Environment | en_GB |
dc.subject | NHANES | en_GB |
dc.title | Associations between socioeconomic status and environmental toxicant concentrations in adults in the USA: NHANES 2001-2010 | en_GB |
dc.type | Article | en_GB |
dc.date.available | 2019-06-26T14:44:36Z | |
dc.identifier.issn | 0160-4120 | |
dc.description | This is the final version, also available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record. | en_GB |
dc.identifier.journal | Environment International | en_GB |
dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | en_GB |
pubs.euro-pubmed-id | MED:23892225 | |
dcterms.dateAccepted | 2013-06-21 | |
rioxxterms.version | VoR | en_GB |
rioxxterms.licenseref.startdate | 2013-06-21 | |
rioxxterms.type | Journal Article/Review | en_GB |
refterms.dateFCD | 2019-06-26T14:41:23Z | |
refterms.versionFCD | VoR | |
refterms.dateFOA | 2019-06-26T14:44:39Z | |
refterms.panel | A | en_GB |
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Except where otherwise noted, this item's licence is described as © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-ND licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/